In early 1915 he began writing for Benito Mussolini's Il Popolo d'Italia newspaper, but in June was drafted into the army, where he saw no active service and was hospitalised due to depression. Destitute, in 1914 the family moved to Milan, where Saba found work first as a secretary, then as a nightclub manager. The couple separated, but were together again by May 1912 when the family moved to Bologna, where public readings of his poetry were poorly received and Saba was beset by depressed lows and creative highs. In the spring of 1911, while Saba was away in Florence meeting people associated with the influential magazine La Voce, and initiating a collaboration with Mario Novaro, Lina had an affair with a painter. This choice of name (which may be based on one of two Hebrew words – "sova" (שובע) meaning "being well-fed" or "saba" (סבא) meaning "grandfather") is thought by some scholars to be an homage to his Jewish mother, while others point to the similarity with his wet-nurse's surname, Schobar. In November 1910 his first collection of poems, Poesie, was published under the name Saba, and the name was legally recognised as his surname in 1928. He married Lina in a Jewish ceremony in 1909, and they had a daughter, Linuccia, the following year. Between 19 he completed an obligatory year of Italian military service in an infantry unit based in Salerno. That summer he met Carolina (Lina) Wölfler, and began corresponding with her the following December. In 1905 he travelled to Florence with friends and – upon meeting his father for the first time – changed his nom de plume to "Umberto da Montereale," after the town of his father's birth. In July 1904, the socialist newspaper, Il Lavoratore, edited by his friend Amadeo Tedeschi, published Saba's account of a visit to Montenegro earlier in the year, and in May 1905, Il Lavoratore printed his first published poem. After a holiday in Slovenia, he spent some time later that year in Switzerland, writing a play. In 1900 he began composing poetry, signing his work "Umberto Chopin Poli." In January 1903 Saba travelled to Pisa to study archaeology, German and Latin, but began to complain of a nervous disorder and, in June, returned to Trieste. xix, 528) In 1897 he transferred from the Gymnasium to a commercial college, the Imperial Academy of Commerce and Navigation, and then went to work in the office of a customs agent.Īs a boy and a young man he was of a shy and solitary character, with just a few friends, among whom his cousin Giorgio Fano and the other great Triestine poet Virgilio Giotti. Saba was a keen reader who kept pet birds and studied the violin.
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